History
Course: Jewish History
Lesson Four
Title: The War of the Jews (67 –70)
Text: Luke 21:20 ‘And when you shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh.’
Introduction:
Flavius Josephus (c. 37-100 )
Wrote the account of the War of Jews
Josephus was general in Galilee.
He surrendered to the Romans and worked with them.
He was held in high esteem by the Romans and lived in Rome after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Josephus
wrote the Antiquities of the Jews and the War of the Jews for a Roman
audience.
His figures are often grossly exaggerated.
John
of
Probably
responsible for hiding the Temple treasures
Copper Scroll
Dead Sea Scrolls
Record made of where the treasures were hid.
Found in two fragments made completely of copper.
Copper – durable
Scroll opened in 1956 at Manchester College of Technology.
Contained list of places where the Zealots had hidden the treasures from the Temple. Included items such as Gold, Silver, Incense
Contents of Copper Scroll
List of treasure buried in Judea and Jerusalem.
Unlike any other scroll – 2 copper sheets.
No treasure has been found.
Did
others get their first?
The rolls of copper before they were opened
One
inscription reads ‘In the fortress which
is in the
Defeat
of the Twelfth Legion at Beth
Jews
won incredible victory against
Jews outnumbered by Romans about 5:1
Romans
had superior
Victory
achieved by mass infantry charges and firing burning arrows..
Worst
defeat by the Romans since 9 AD when
Battle
of Beth
Roman army camped on Mount Scopus overlooking the city.
Marched on city - encamped outside Herod’s palace.
Jews forced to remain behind second wall of the city.
Gallus retreated - Moved back to Mount Scopus
Jews saw their opportunity and chased them killing those at the rear.
Next day Gallus continued retreat.
Twelfth
Legion almost wiped out at Beth
Legion
saved only by 400 men who remained at Beth
The
miraculous victory at Beth
The Jewish militants associated this great victory with divine providence.
Joshua
and the
Josephus regarded this victory as sealing the fate of the Jews.
- The Jews believed they could not lose because God was with them.
- Nero understood the serious nature of the revolt and was forced to send reinforcements.
Destruction of Jerusalem AD 70
According to Josephus
The siege of Jerusalem lasted 5 months
The number of dead was one and a quarter million.
Area of Jerusalem at time of siege was a third of a square mile.
Many Jews came to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover became trapped.
Probably the numbers are exaggerated by Josephus
The Jewish war would have kept many Jews away from Jerusalem.
Many Jewish deaths were due to factional fighting.